401. Alehagen U, Ericsson A, Dahlstrom U. Are there any significant differences between females and males in the management of heart failure? Gender
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402. Vaes B, de Ruijter W, Gussekloo J, et al. The accuracy of plasma natriuretic peptide levels for diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and chronic heart failure
in community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review. Age and ageing 2009; 38: 655-662.
403. Garg R, Yusuf S. Current and ongoing randomized trials in heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22 (4 Suppl. A): 194A-
197A.
404. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall
programme. Lancet 2003; 362: 759-766.
405. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in
elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215-225.
406. Dulin BR, Haas SJ, Abraham WT, et al. Do elderly systolic heart failure patients benefit from beta blockers to the same extent as the non-elderly? Meta-
analysis of >12,000 patients in large-scale clinical trials. Am J Cardiol 2005; 9: 896-898.
407. Krum H, Ninio D, MacDonald P. Baseline predictors of tolerability to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2000;
84: 615-619.
408. Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K, et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme--a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in
Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 464-474.
409. Miani D, Fresco C, Lucci D, et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of octogenarians with acute heart failure admitted to cardiology
wards: results from the Italian Survey on Acute Heart Failure. Am Heart J 2009; 158: 126-132.
410. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, et al. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV--efficacy and quality of
life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 793-801.
411. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J, et al. Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left
ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 425-431.
412. Gheorghiade M, Adams KF, Jr., Colucci WS. Digoxin in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Circulation 2004; 109: 2959-2564.
413. 和泉徹．入退院を繰り返す慢性心不全の臨床．医学書院2002.
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416. Gohler A, Januzzi JL, Worrell SS, et al. A systematic metaanalysis of the efficacy and heterogeneity of disease management programs in congestive
heart failure. J Card Failure 2006; 12: 554-567.
417. Stewart S, Horowitz JD. Home-based intervention in congestive heart failure: long-term implications on readmission and survival. Circulation 2002; 105:
2861-2866.
418. Jong P, Gong Y, Liu PP, et al. Care and outcomes of patients newly hospitalized for heart failure in the community treated by cardiologists compared
with other specialists. Circulation 2003; 108: 184-191.
419. Majahalme SK, Baruch L, Aknay N, et al. Comparison of treatment benefit and outcome in women versus men with chronic heart failure (from the
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study. J Cardiol 2008; 52: 79-85.
422. Yarnoz MJ, Curtis AB. Sex-based differences in cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies: effectiveness
and use. Cardiology in review 2006; 14: 292-298.
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402. Vaes B, de Ruijter W, Gussekloo J, et al. The accuracy of plasma natriuretic peptide levels for diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and chronic heart failure
in community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review. Age and ageing 2009; 38: 655-662.
403. Garg R, Yusuf S. Current and ongoing randomized trials in heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22 (4 Suppl. A): 194A-
197A.
404. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall
programme. Lancet 2003; 362: 759-766.
405. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in
elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 215-225.
406. Dulin BR, Haas SJ, Abraham WT, et al. Do elderly systolic heart failure patients benefit from beta blockers to the same extent as the non-elderly? Meta-
analysis of >12,000 patients in large-scale clinical trials. Am J Cardiol 2005; 9: 896-898.
407. Krum H, Ninio D, MacDonald P. Baseline predictors of tolerability to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2000;
84: 615-619.
408. Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K, et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme--a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in
Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 464-474.
409. Miani D, Fresco C, Lucci D, et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of octogenarians with acute heart failure admitted to cardiology
wards: results from the Italian Survey on Acute Heart Failure. Am Heart J 2009; 158: 126-132.
410. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, et al. Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV--efficacy and quality of
life. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 793-801.
411. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J, et al. Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left
ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 425-431.
412. Gheorghiade M, Adams KF, Jr., Colucci WS. Digoxin in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Circulation 2004; 109: 2959-2564.
413. 和泉徹．入退院を繰り返す慢性心不全の臨床．医学書院2002.
414. 松永篤彦，神谷健太郎，齊藤正和．高齢心疾患患者の下肢筋力トレーニング目標値．日心リハ誌 2003.
415. McDonald K, Ledwidge M. Heart failure management programs: can we afford to ignore the inpatient phase of care? J Card Failure 2003; 9: 258-262.
416. Gohler A, Januzzi JL, Worrell SS, et al. A systematic metaanalysis of the efficacy and heterogeneity of disease management programs in congestive
heart failure. J Card Failure 2006; 12: 554-567.
417. Stewart S, Horowitz JD. Home-based intervention in congestive heart failure: long-term implications on readmission and survival. Circulation 2002; 105:
2861-2866.
418. Jong P, Gong Y, Liu PP, et al. Care and outcomes of patients newly hospitalized for heart failure in the community treated by cardiologists compared
with other specialists. Circulation 2003; 108: 184-191.
419. Majahalme SK, Baruch L, Aknay N, et al. Comparison of treatment benefit and outcome in women versus men with chronic heart failure (from the
Valsartan Heart Failure Trial). Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 529-532.
420. Domanski M, Fleg J, Bristow M, et al. The effect of gender on outcome in digitalis-treated heart failure patients. J Card Failure 2005; 11: 83-86.
421. Miyata M, Kihara T, Kubozono T, et al. Beneficial effects of Waon therapy on patients with chronic heart failure: Results of a prospective multicenter
study. J Cardiol 2008; 52: 79-85.
422. Yarnoz MJ, Curtis AB. Sex-based differences in cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies: effectiveness
and use. Cardiology in review 2006; 14: 292-298.
423. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force
on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 1995; 92: 2764-2784.
424. 中澤誠．小児期慢性心不全の治療；最近の考え方．日本小児科学会雑誌 1996; 100: 1173-1176.
425. Fenton M, Burch M. Understanding chronic heart failure. Archives of disease in childhood 2007; 92: 812-816.
426. 村上智明．小児心不全の治療．日本医事新報．2009; 4454: 46-51.
427. Talner N, Caarboni M. Congestive heart failure. . In: Rudolph C, Rudolph A, Hostrtter M, Lister G, Siegel N, editors. Rudolph’s Pediatrics 21 st, ed:
MacGraw-Hill Inc. 2002: 1869-1877.
428. 石井正浩，大原延年，加藤裕久．急性心不全．救急医学1991; 15: 1113-1117.
429. Nakanishi T, Jarmakani JM. Developmental changes in myocardial mechanical function and subcellular organelles. Am J Physiol 1984; 246 (4 Pt 2):
H615-625.
430. Ross RD, Bollinger RO, Pinsky WW. Grading the severity of congestive heart failure in infants. Pediatric cardiology 1992; 13: 72-75.
431. Bhatt-Mehta V, Nahata MC. Dopamine and dobutamine in pediatric therapy. Pharmacotherapy 1989; 9: 303-314.
432. Alehan D, Ozkutlu S. Beneficial effects of 1-year captopril therapy in children with chronic aortic regurgitation who have no symptoms. Am Heart J
1998; 135: 598-603.
433. Nakamura H, Ishii M, Sugimura T, et al. The kinetic profiles of enalapril and enalaprilat and their possible developmental changes in pediatric patients
with congestive heart failure. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1994; 56: 160-168.
434. Mulla H, Tofeig M, Bu’Lock F, et al. Variations in captopril formulations used to treat children with heart failure: a survey in the United kingdom.
Archives of disease in childhood 2007; 92: 409-411.
435. Seguchi M, Nakazawa M, Momma K. Effect of enalapril on infants and children with congestive heart failure. Cardiol Young 1992; 2: 14-19.
436. Nakajima M, Shima Y, Kumasaka S, et al. An infant with congeni t a l nema l ine myopa thy and hype r t rophi c cardiomyopathy. Journal of Nippon
Medical School = Nihon Ika Daigaku zasshi 2008; 75: 350-353.
437. Giardini A, Formigari R, Bronzetti G, et al. Modulation of neurohormonal activity after treatment of children in heart failure with carvedilol. Cardiol Young
2003; 13: 333-336.
438. 日本小児循環器学会委員会報告．小児心不全薬物治療ガイドライン．日本小児循環器学会雑誌 2001; 17: 501-512.
439. Dubin AM, Janousek J, Rhee E, et al. Resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: an international multicenter study.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 2277-2283.
440. Sugahara Y, Ishii M, Muta H, et al. Efficacy and safety of thermal vasodilation therapy by sauna in infants with severe congestive heart failure
secondary to ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 109-113.
441. Berman W, Jr., Yabek SM, Dillon T, et al. Effects of digoxin in infants with congested circulatory state due to a ventricular septal defect. N Eng J Med
1983; 308: 363-366.
442. Kimball TR, Daniels SR, Meyer RA, et al. Effect of digoxin on contractility and symptoms in infants with a large ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol
1991; 68: 1377-1382.
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文献
慢性心不全治療ガイドライン（2010年改訂版）
Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure（JCS 2010）
Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure（JCS 2010）